(2) Equipments: Camera, Camera Phone, Colour chart, Digital camera, Digital single-lens reflex camera, Dry box, Film base, Film format, Film holder, Film scanner, Film stock, Filter, Flash, Gray card, Lenses for SLR and DSLR cameras, List of photographic equipment makers, Monopod, Movie projector, Perspective control lens, Photographic film, Photographic lens, Reflector, Rangefinder camera, SD Card(for digital photography), Single-lens reflex camera, Slide projector, Soft box, Still camera, Toy camera, Tripod, Twin-lens reflex camera, Video camera, View camera, Zone plate
(3) Aperture: Adjustment of the lens opening, measured as f-number, which controls the amount of light passing through the lens. Aperture also has an effect on depth of field and diffraction – the higher the f-number, the smaller the opening, the less light, the greater the depth of field, and the more the diffraction blur. The focal length divided by the f-number gives the effective aperture diameter.
(4) Focus: The adjustment to place the sharpest focus where it is desired on the subject
(5) Shutter Speed: Adjustment of the speed (often expressed either as fractions of seconds or as an angle, with mechanical shutters) of the shutter to control the amount of time during which the imaging medium is exposed to light for each exposure. Shutter speed may be used to control the amount of light striking the image plane; 'faster' shutter speeds (that is, those of shorter duration) decrease both the amount of light and the amount of image blurring from motion of the subject and/or camera
(6) ISO Speed: Traditionally used to "tell the camera" the film speed of the selected film on film cameras, ISO speeds are employed on modern digital cameras as an indication of the system's gain from light to numerical output and to control the automatic exposure system. The higher the ISO number the greater the film sensitivity to light, whereas with a lower ISO number, the film is less sensitive to light. A correct combination of ISO speed, aperture, and shutter speed leads to an image that is neither too dark nor too light, hence it is 'correctly exposed,' indicated by a centered meter
(7) Metering: Measurement of exposure so that highlights and shadows are exposed according to the photographer's wishes. Many modern cameras meter and set exposure automatically. Before automatic exposure, correct exposure was accomplished with the use of a separate light metering device or by the photographer's knowledge and experience of gauging correct settings. To translate the amount of light into a usable aperture and shutter speed, the meter needs to adjust for the sensitivity of the film or sensor to light. This is done by setting the "film speed" or ISO sensitivity into the meter
(8) White balance: On digital cameras, electronic compensation for the color temperature associated with a given set of lighting conditions, ensuring that white light is registered as such on the imaging chip and therefore that the colors in the frame will appear natural. On mechanical, film-based cameras, this function is served by the operator's choice of film stock or with color correction filters. In addition to using white balance to register natural coloration of the image, photographers may employ white balance to aesthetic end, for example white balancing to a blue object in order to obtain a warm color temperature.
(9) Composition (Rules): composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art, as distinct from the subject of a work. It can also be thought of as the organization of the elements of art according to the principles of art.
(10) Techniques: Aerial Photography, Astrophotography, Bokeh, Contre-jour, Cross processing, Cyanotype, Digiscoping, Film developing, Full spectrum photography, Harris Shutter, High dynamic range imaging, High speed photography, Image fusion, Infrared photography, Kinetic photography, Kite aerial photography, Lead room, Light painting, Lith-Print, Macro photography, Micrography, or Photomicrography, Monochrome Photography, Motion blur, Night photography, Panning, Panoramic photography, Photogram, Photograph conservation, Photographic mosaic, Photographic print toning, Push printing, Push processing, Rephotography, Rollout photography, Sabatier Effect, Schlieren photography, Stereoscopy, Sun printing, Tilted plane focus, Time-lapse, Ultraviolet photography, Wide dynamic range, Zoom burst
Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography
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