Elderly Reflection

1) What have you learnt?

I learnt how to use Scamper and other thinking process methods such as Shape borrowing and . AluO. I also improved on my organising and researching skills as I had to organise my ADMT journal in chronological order. I had to do thorough research before I can know the needs and other important factors.

2) What are the difficulties encountered?

There was a lack of time and it was difficult for to make the prototype and some essential informations cannot be found. For my case, I needed to make Jigsaw puzzles but I do not have the neccesary equipment to make them.

3) How did you overcome the difficulties?

I infered from other relevant sources to extract the neccesary information. I use other method to achieved the same / similar resualt.

Reflection - Prototype

1. What are the difficulties that you have encountered during the process?

Disagreement between group members. LIke what should be the method used to question the design consideration of a product. Is it Qualitative or is it Quantitative?

1. How do you overcome the difficulties encountered?

We reached to a consensus and support it with strong argument points. We did it democratically accordingly to majorities and the reasonings behind the choice.

1. What are the 2 key takeaways for this lesson?

The main takeaway is understanding the definition of qualitative and quantitative testing in design consideration. The other is to question design considerations to find out if the product was good or bad for the target audience.

Ergonomics (Product description and Idea Trigger)

i) Describe the product. (Appearance, Color, Function, etc)

The product is a cleaning brush meant for cleaning and clearing. There is also a small pocket built-in knife meant for removal of unwanted neccesary. It is comfortable to wield the product. The design of the brush is sleek. It is white and the brush hair is gold, te built in knife is silver. It can clean strong dirt as the product have relatively sharp and strong brush hair and knife.

ii) What are the design considerations when designing this product?

Is the product easy to use? Does it have any special requirement? Is it safe to use? Is it too heavy? Is the colour appealing? Does it fit the purpose? Does it work? Who is it for?

iii) Would an elderly faced difficulty using this product? If yes, what are the difficulties that the elderly would face?

The bristle is relatively strong and sharp, they might hurt themselves if they are not careful enough when handling it. The bristle is exposed at all time, they might still hurt themselve at any time.

The blade of the knifeis relatively strong and sharp, they might hurt themselves if they are not careful enough when handling it. The blunt side of the knife is exposed at all time, they might still hurt themselve at any time. The built in pocket knife is flip in and out, large amount of strength is required to flip the knife out, the elderly many not have enough strength to flip out the knife to use it. And in the process of flipping out the knife, they might hurt themselve if they are not careful enough.

Final Design

Ergonomics II

1. What is Ergonomics?

Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. Ergonomics makes things comfortable and efficient.

2. What are the 5 aspects of Ergonomics?

3. For each aspects of Ergonomics, explain with an example of a product that is designed for the elderly, how the product meet that particular aspect of Ergonomics.

• Safety - Medicine bottles: The print on them could be larger so that a sick person who may have impaired vision (due to sinuses, etc.) can more easily see the dosages and label. Ergonomics could design the print style, color and size for optimal viewing.

• Comfort - Alarm clock display: Some displays are harshly bright, drawing one’s eye to the light when surroundings are dark. Ergonomic principles could redesign this based on contrast principles.

• Ease of use - Street Signs: In a strange area, many times it is difficult to spot street signs. This could be addressed with the principles of visual detection in ergonomics.

• Productivity/performance - HD TV: The sound on HD TV is much lower than regular TV. So when you switch from HD to regular, the volume increases dramatically. Ergonomics recognizes that this difference in decibel level creates a difference in loudness and hurts human ears and this could be solved by evening out the decibel levels. Voicemail instructions: It takes too long to have to listen to all of the obvious instructions. Ergonomics could address this by providing more options to the user, enabling them to easily and quickly skip the instructions.

• Aesthetics - Signs in the workplace: Signage should be made consistent throughout the workplace to not only be aesthetically pleasing, but also so that information is easily accessible for all signs.

Ergonomics I

1. Compare the 2 different workplaces, state your observations.

The messy work place is very messy. It is not very organised. The desk space on top of the desk is very limited, guy's things are all over the place. The guy had troubles moving around. The chair is partially unmovable.There are no proper lighting, With bright areas and dim areas. The working environment isn't very ideal for working. The guy don't seem to be working comfortably. He is always figeting and using tools to help im.

The tidy work place is very well organised. There are a lot of free space on the desk top. The guy had no trouble working. With proper adjustable lighting, monitor screen and chair. The working environment is ideal. The guy is able to work comfortably.

Comfort and Simplicity VS. The liberty chair
Incorrect Hieght and Depth VS. The m7 monitor arm
Task lighting VS. The different light
Freedom of Movement VS. The freedom chair
Prolonged laptop use VS. The L2 laptop holder
Usable deskp space VS. The access rail.

The messy work place VS. The tidy work place
(Loser) (Winner)

Elderly Challenge - Observation 4

This photo shows the side of a pavement. There is a height difference in the pavement and the ground right beside it. The ground is deeper than pavement. If the elderly accidentally step onto the ground from the pavement, they will have a sudden force pulling them towards the ground. If they cannot withstand the sudden force, they will fall and the consequence may be disastrous.

Elderly Challenge - Observation 3

This photo shows a wire dangling from the roof in midair. The wire should be removed and not be left hanging in mid air. If the elderly accidentally get themselves stuck with the wire, they will face difficulties removing it. It will also pose a danger to them as there is a chance they might injured themselves by entangling in such wire hanging in mid air. The wire should be removed as soon as possible.

Elderly Challenge - Observation 2

This picture show a drain that is located by the road with wide gap. If the elderly with a walking equipment accidentally get their walking stick stuck in the drain, they will have difficulty removing it from the drain. It will cause a lot of problems for the elderly with a walking stick. The drain gaps should be closer to prevent such incidents from happening.

Elderly Challenge - Observation 1

This photo show a traffic conjunction near a bus interchange. From the photo you can see that the road is rather long. For the elderly to walk across such long roads it would take quite awhile. But, the timer is pretty short. Meaning the elderly that walks slower will not have enough time to cross the full road. They will have to wait for the next green man. Hence, this will cause the elderly a lot of in conveniences.

Holiday work - Part 1: Understanding the ‘The Elderly Challenge’

FOUR key recommendations of the report.

Housing for Seniors

The housing for the seniors is houses that is created for the elderly. It has to be elder friendly, fitted with age sensitive features meant for the senior citizens. An environment that allows the elderly to work freely in.

Accessibility for Seniors

It is rather inconvenient for the elderly or the physically disabled to travel from places to places. To make places easily accessible by the elderly and the physically disabled. Mode of transport and moving around places have to be adjust for it to be more accessible by the elderly and the physically disabled. E.g. More ramps are build in HDBs area, More lifts available

Caring for Seniors

Health care are provided as the elderly have the tendency to fall ill easily, so with the health care, they are able to take care of themselves more, economically and easily.

Opportunities for Seniors

Majority of the senior citizens have abundant amount of free times that can be use for something else. Opportunities are provided for the Senior citizens for them to use their time usefully and meaningfully.

ONE way that the CAI report is recommending to make our public housing more elderly-friendly

The CAI recommends that the Government consider introducing guidelines for the provision of accessibility and safety features in the homes for seniors, through a review of the Code on Barrier-Free Accessibility, to create a more elder-friendly environment that accommodates the needs of seniors.For example, there could be a provision to ensure that at least one bathroom / toilet in the home is large enough to be retrofitted to incorporate elder-friendly features and facilities when the need arises.

TWO ways on how we can ensure that the quality of elderly care here in Singapore is affordable

-Top up Medisave accounts of less well-off Singaporeans when there are budget surpluses that the Government can share with the people. This will help defray healthcare costs as Singaporeans depend on Medisave to meet healthcare needs in their old age.

-Family physicians should play an important role in the management of healthcare needs for seniors. Follow-up by a dedicated family physician within close proximity to the client will ensure that seniors’ multiple needs will be comprehensively and holistically taken care of.

THREE things that I can do

- Organise activities for the Seniors to provide them with the opportunities to mingle with other Seniors to make new friends, to enjoy themselves, to give them a healthy mind for them to lead healthy and active lifestyles.

- Have a campaign to raise awareness among the public so when they see an elderly who needs help they will know what to do to help them. E.g. Elderly in wheelchair cannot go up the ramp, public go up and help.

-Raise fund for the needy Seniors to help them improve their life.

Personal Reflection (NEwater visit)

1. What are the 3 key takeaways from today’s visit?

NEWater requires high end technology for it to work out right.

NEWater plays an essential part in Singapore water sources

NEWater is one of Singapore's 'National Tap'

2. Name 2 concepts that you have learnt today during the visit.

Water molecules is smallest in size compare with viruses, bacteria and minerals.

Water reclamation is a process by which wastewater from homes and factory is treated so that the water is safe enough to for processing and finally for usage

3. What is the 1 interesting thing that you have learnt today?

The making of NEWater is very careful, making it very safe for consumption.

4. What are the things that you can do to help with water conservation in Singapore?

I can conserve water by not wasting water and using only what I need.

I can promote the used of NEWater to other people so that they will accept NEWater. Hence, more factory will use NEWater for their product hence they will free up more tap water for us to use.

Personal Reflection (8th Mar 2010)

1. What are the 3 key takeaways from today’s lesson?

Ideas are generated from research and knowledge, without either of the mentioned an idea cannot be generated.

The Idea must served its purpose

There must be sufficient information to support your Idea.


2. Name 2 concepts that you have learnt today pertaining to design and describe why is it important in design?

The design must be proportional, if not people might find it complex and hard to understand.

The idea must be implant somewhere for a clearer concept to be attain


3. What is the 1 interesting thing that you have learnt today?

Ideas can be far-streched.

Photography (People)

For best learning environment, staff in the apple service centre is working hard to be sure to fixed all problems we encounter with the mac.
The Security guard are constantly patrolling the school to ensure the safety of everyone.

We play an important part in our environment, especially these cleaners who maintain the cleanliness of our school.

We all ought to show all of them our appreciation for putting in effort in their work!

When is the best time for photography?

5am: Pre-dawn: A pink, ethereal light and dreamy mist for lakes, rivers and landscapes.

6-7am: Dawn: Crisp, golden light for east-facing subjects.

7am-10am: Early morning: The city comes to life; joggers in the park.

10-2pm: Midday: The sun is too harsh for landscapes and people, but perfect for monuments, buildings and streets with tall buildings.

2pm-4pm: Afternoon: Deep blue skies with a polarizer.

4pm-6:45pm: Late Afternoon: Terrific warm, golden light on west-facing subjects. Best time for landscapes and people, particularly one hour before sunset.

6:45 - 7:30pm: Sunset: Great skies 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after sunset.

7:30-8pm: Dusk is great for skylines, while there's still a purple color to the sky.

9pm: Night shots, or go to bed - you've got to be up early tomorrow!

Photography (Research and findings)-Individual Work

(1) Different types of photography includes: Aviation photography, Architectural photography, Candid photography, Cloudscape photography, Documentary photography, Erotic photography, Fashion photography, Fine art photography, Fire photography, Food photography, Forensic photography, Head shot,Landscape art,Landscape photography, Nature photography, Old-time photography, Photojournalism, Portrait photography, Sports photography, Still life photography, Stock photography, Street photography, Travel photography, Underwater photography, Vernacular photography, VR photography, War photography, Wedding photography, Wildlife photography

(2) Equipments: Camera, Camera Phone, Colour chart, Digital camera, Digital single-lens reflex camera, Dry box, Film base, Film format, Film holder, Film scanner, Film stock, Filter, Flash, Gray card, Lenses for SLR and DSLR cameras, List of photographic equipment makers, Monopod, Movie projector, Perspective control lens, Photographic film, Photographic lens, Reflector, Rangefinder camera, SD Card(for digital photography), Single-lens reflex camera, Slide projector, Soft box, Still camera, Toy camera, Tripod, Twin-lens reflex camera, Video camera, View camera, Zone plate

(3) Aperture: Adjustment of the lens opening, measured as f-number, which controls the amount of light passing through the lens. Aperture also has an effect on depth of field and diffraction – the higher the f-number, the smaller the opening, the less light, the greater the depth of field, and the more the diffraction blur. The focal length divided by the f-number gives the effective aperture diameter.

(4) Focus: The adjustment to place the sharpest focus where it is desired on the subject

(5) Shutter Speed: Adjustment of the speed (often expressed either as fractions of seconds or as an angle, with mechanical shutters) of the shutter to control the amount of time during which the imaging medium is exposed to light for each exposure. Shutter speed may be used to control the amount of light striking the image plane; 'faster' shutter speeds (that is, those of shorter duration) decrease both the amount of light and the amount of image blurring from motion of the subject and/or camera

(6) ISO Speed: Traditionally used to "tell the camera" the film speed of the selected film on film cameras, ISO speeds are employed on modern digital cameras as an indication of the system's gain from light to numerical output and to control the automatic exposure system. The higher the ISO number the greater the film sensitivity to light, whereas with a lower ISO number, the film is less sensitive to light. A correct combination of ISO speed, aperture, and shutter speed leads to an image that is neither too dark nor too light, hence it is 'correctly exposed,' indicated by a centered meter

(7) Metering: Measurement of exposure so that highlights and shadows are exposed according to the photographer's wishes. Many modern cameras meter and set exposure automatically. Before automatic exposure, correct exposure was accomplished with the use of a separate light metering device or by the photographer's knowledge and experience of gauging correct settings. To translate the amount of light into a usable aperture and shutter speed, the meter needs to adjust for the sensitivity of the film or sensor to light. This is done by setting the "film speed" or ISO sensitivity into the meter

(8) White balance: On digital cameras, electronic compensation for the color temperature associated with a given set of lighting conditions, ensuring that white light is registered as such on the imaging chip and therefore that the colors in the frame will appear natural. On mechanical, film-based cameras, this function is served by the operator's choice of film stock or with color correction filters. In addition to using white balance to register natural coloration of the image, photographers may employ white balance to aesthetic end, for example white balancing to a blue object in order to obtain a warm color temperature.

(9) Composition (Rules): composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or ingredients in a work of art, as distinct from the subject of a work. It can also be thought of as the organization of the elements of art according to the principles of art.

(10) Techniques: Aerial Photography, Astrophotography, Bokeh, Contre-jour, Cross processing, Cyanotype, Digiscoping, Film developing, Full spectrum photography, Harris Shutter, High dynamic range imaging, High speed photography, Image fusion, Infrared photography, Kinetic photography, Kite aerial photography, Lead room, Light painting, Lith-Print, Macro photography, Micrography, or Photomicrography, Monochrome Photography, Motion blur, Night photography, Panning, Panoramic photography, Photogram, Photograph conservation, Photographic mosaic, Photographic print toning, Push printing, Push processing, Rephotography, Rollout photography, Sabatier Effect, Schlieren photography, Stereoscopy, Sun printing, Tilted plane focus, Time-lapse, Ultraviolet photography, Wide dynamic range, Zoom burst

Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography

Definition of theme - Environment

Environment Is:

The surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest.The natural world or ecosystem.All the elements over which a designer has no control and that affect a system or its inputs and outputs. A particular political or social setting, arena or condition. External conditions or surroundings, etc. especially those in which people live or work.Ecology the external surroundings in which a plant or animal lives, which tend to influence its development and behaviour

Source: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/environment

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/environment

Environment is the external conditions or surroundings that influences a particular item of interest. It is also the natural world or ecosystem. There are no control over all the elements of environment and that affects a system. It is a setting.

ADMT Lesson 1: Personal Reflection

ADMT means: Art Design Media and Technology

Art uses skill and imagination to creates objects

Design is a process to plan and lay the basis for the making of every object or system

Media is the storage and transmission of information

Technology deals with human as well as other animal species' usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt to its natural environment.

Overall, it mean planning the basis, and using skill and imagination to create object. Using technology to transmits or stores information

An ADMT student must be creative, must have passion for his work and must be a responsible person.

I aspire to create my own things in a innovative way from scratch. I must work hard to achieve that.

It show that all living thins on earth eventually dies out because without art, there may not be language. Hence human being cannot communicate and didn't survive for long.